GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR MUSSOLINI SERIES

The Historia Augusta suggests three alternative explanations: that the first Caesar had a thick head of hair (Latin caesaries) that he had bright grey eyes (Latin oculis caesiis) or that he killed an elephant ( caesai in Moorish) in battle. The cognomen 'Caesar' originated, according to Pliny the Elder, with an ancestor who was born by Caesarean section (from the Latin verb to cut, caedere, caes-). Įarly life and career Main article: Early life and career of Julius Caesar File:Marius Glyptothek Munich 319.jpgĬaesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Iulus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus. Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history. The later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also major sources. Much of Caesar's life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns, and from other contemporary sources, mainly the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. Octavian set about solidifying his power, and the era of the Roman Empire began. Caesar's adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in the civil war.

GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR MUSSOLINI SERIES

A new series of civil wars broke out, and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. But the underlying political conflicts had not been resolved, and on the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Marcus Junius Brutus. He centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed ' dictator in perpetuity', giving him additional authority. Civil war resulted, and Caesar's victory in the war put him in an unrivalled position of power and influence.Īfter assuming control of government, Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. Caesar refused the order, and instead marked his defiance in 49 BC by crossing the Rubicon with the 13th Legion, leaving his province and illegally entering Roman Italy under arms.

With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both the Channel and the Rhine, when he built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the Channel to invade Britain. Caesar's victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Their attempts to amass power as Populares were opposed by the Optimates within the Roman Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. This large square, in the heart of the city, is mostly made up of the remains of four ancient temples, which date back to the time of Roman Republic.Gaius Julius Caesar Template:Efn ( Classical Latin orthography: CAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR, Template:IPA-la 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC ), mostly known as Julius Caesar ( Classical Latin: IVLIVS CAESAR), was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. The room in which Caesar died partly survives in Largo di Torre Argentina. Contrary to the last words 'Et tu, Brute', given to him by Shakespeare, most Roman writers state that Caesar said nothing, but merely covered his face with his toga before dying.

The most powerful man in Rome was stabbed a total of twenty-three times. Just as he had ascended his golden throne, Caesar was attacked by a group of his fellow senators, a conspiracy led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus. The curia, or senate house, in the forum, was being rebuilt following a fire and so the meeting took place in a room that was part of the colonnaded gardens of the Theatre of Pompey. On the Ides of March (March 15th), 44 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, dictator perpetuo (dictator in perpetuity), was assassinated while attending a meeting of the Senate.

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